An inverter is defined as an electrical device that converts the Direct current into an alternating current source. The main source of electrical power for an inverter is the battery, which is considered a DC source. The DC output of the battery is boosted or bucked based on requirement and then converted into AC utilizing a DC-AC inverter.
An inverter’s function for example a single phase inverter, is to change the DC input voltage to a symmetric AC output voltage of the desired magnitude and frequency. The output voltage waveforms of an ideal inverter will be sinusoidal. However, the waveforms of practical inverters are not sinusoidal and also contain harmonics. The inverter input is fixed DC voltage, nominally obtained from batteries.
A single phase inverter produces single phase power from the PV module and then connects to a single phase grid or equipment. These are typically used in most of the new houses today and small businesses, single phase electricity is transported via two wires, i.e., active and neutral.
The electricity from the grid will only flow through the active wire, while the neutral wire is in connection with the earth at the switchboard. The main purpose of a home’s neutral wire is to provide a path back into a switchboard (the electrical current source) in an event wherein a fault has occurred. This will facilitate the fuse to blow, cutting down on the electricity and preventing electrocution. A majority of homes use a single-phase power supply.
Here are two types of single phase inverters: half-bridge inverter and full-bridge inverter.
Single Phase Half Bridge Inverter
A single-phase half bridge inverter is one of the types of single-phase bridge inverter. It is basically a voltage source inverter. A voltage source inverter means that the input power of the inverter is the source for DC voltage. As the source of input power is DC, there is no relation of single phase with respect to the input power. However, it does have a meaning when it comes to the output.
Single phase Full Bridge inverter
A single phase full bridge inverter is the second type of a single phase inverter. Unlike the single phase half bridge inverter, the inverter does not require a three wire direct current input supply. Instead, a two wired direct current input source fulfills the requirement. The frequency of the output can be controlled by controlling the turn OFF and turn ON time.
Here’s a table for a better understanding of the two types;
| Half Bridge inverter | Full Bridge Inverter |
| It consists of two wheeling diodes | It consists of four flyback diodes |
| The magnitude of output voltage is half of the magnitude of the input direct current source | The load voltage magnitude is equal to the DC input source magnitude |
| It consists of two thyristors | It consists of four thyristors |
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